An anesthetic is a drug or substance that is used by medical professionals when a surgical procedure is being carried out on a patient. There are various levels and types of anesthetic, and the type of anesthetic used will be based upon the type of surgery being carried out as well as on factors such as the general health, weight, and age of the patient. An anesthetic affects the consciousness, awareness, and sensation experienced by the patient during the surgical procedure, but for some patients, the type or level that can be used may be restricted due to safety issues.
Patients with cancer, such as the asbestos related cancer known as mesothelioma, often have to undergo surgery as a form of primary treatment. This is an example of when an anesthetic might be used, depending on the factors mentioned above. Anesthetic drugs have a direct effect on the nervous system, which is what makes them work, and among the levels of anesthetic available are local anesthetics, regional anesthetics, and general anesthetics.
Local anesthetics are used to numb a certain area of the body so that the patient is fully aware and conscious but does not feel any sensation of pain in the area on which the procedure is being carried out. A regional anesthetic affects various regions of the body, and again the patient is still conscious and awake but will feel no pain or sensation in the affected areas. A general anesthetic results in total lack of awareness and consciousness while the procedure is being performed.
When undergoing surgery, a patient is advised to discuss anesthesia with their doctor, as the type of anesthetic that is suitable may vary from one patient to another. For instance, those who are old, overweight, or in general poor health may put themselves at risk with a general anesthetic, which means that the doctor would have to look at other options.
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