Cancer is a disease that occurs when the development and division of cells cannot be contained and form a tumor. Some tumors are benign in nature, but in cases where the abnormal cells start to affect other tissues and areas in the body, the tumor becomes cancerous and potentially deadly. The abnormalities with the cells that cause cancer are thought to come about as a result of DNA damage within the cells or changes in the metabolism of cellular development.
The process describing normal cells that become cancerous cells is known as carcinogenesis, and this process can be caused by certain substances or materials that are known carcinogens. This is because they have a carcinogenic effect – that is, they can cause cancer. There are a number of known carcinogenic substances and materials around, and long-term or high-level exposure to these could lead to cancer.
Among the known carcinogenic substances that we may come across today are vinyl chloride, benzene, kepone, and radio nuclides. Among the most well known carcinogenic materials and substances that we know about today are tobacco, which results in lung cancer for many smokers who take in the toxins over a number of years, and asbestos, which can lead to a cancer known as mesothelioma through long-term or high-level exposure to its airborne fibers and dust.
There are also some substances and materials that do not result in cancer on their own but can result in cancer when combined with another material or substance. These have become known as co-carcinogens. Although the number of substances and materials that are proven as carcinogenic is not all that big, there are a number of other materials and agents that are suspected carcinogens.
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